> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://www.courier.com/docs/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

> ## Agent Instructions
> Install the Courier skill before writing code: `npx skills add trycourier/courier-skills`. It carries the verified SDK shapes and the rules you cannot get wrong.
> Authenticate every request with `Authorization: Bearer <API_KEY>`. A workspace has several environments and each has its own keys, which are plain `pk_` strings with no environment prefix. Start with Test.
> Send with `client.send.message`, the default import of the v7 Node SDK. Reference a template by its `nt_` id or its alias.
> A send accepts a bare Elemental element list, but storing content on a template requires the top-level elements wrapped in a channel element.
> Templates and journeys can be built in the Courier app or created through the API. Either way they live in the workspace and are referenced by ID when you send.
> The hosted MCP server is https://mcp.courier.com. For a briefing on what Courier is and when to use it, read https://www.courier.com/llms.txt.
> Prefer the Guides tab for how-do-I questions and the Docs tab for how-does-it-behave questions. The API reference lives under /api-reference.

# Send push with MagicBell through Courier

> Connect MagicBell with an API key and secret, and target a recipient by email or external ID.

export const Endpoint = ({method, path, name, href, children, bare}) => {
  const verb = String(method || "").toUpperCase();
  const title = verb + " " + path;
  const label = children || name || path;
  if (bare) {
    return href ? <a href={href}><code>{title}</code></a> : <code>{title}</code>;
  }
  if (!href) {
    return <span className="cx-endpoint" data-method={verb} title={title}>
        <span className="cx-endpoint-label">{label}</span>
        <span className="cx-endpoint-method">{verb}</span>
      </span>;
  }
  return <a className="cx-endpoint" data-method={verb} href={href} title={title}>
      <span className="cx-endpoint-label">{label}</span>
      <span className="cx-endpoint-method">{verb}</span>
    </a>;
};

export const AppLink = ({href, children, name, bare}) => {
  const label = children || name || "Open in Courier";
  if (bare) {
    return <a href={href} target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">{label}</a>;
  }
  return <a className="cx-endpoint" data-kind="app" href={href} target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">
      <span className="cx-endpoint-label">{label}</span>
      <span className="cx-endpoint-method" aria-hidden="true">↗</span>
    </a>;
};

export const Doc = ({href, children, name, bare}) => {
  const label = children || name || href;
  if (bare) {
    return <a href={href}>{label}</a>;
  }
  return <a className="cx-endpoint" data-kind="doc" href={href}>
      <span className="cx-endpoint-label">{label}</span>
      <span className="cx-endpoint-method">DOC</span>
    </a>;
};

## Prerequisites

* [A MagicBell account with a project](https://www.magicbell.com/)
* Your MagicBell API key and API secret

## Setup

<Steps>
  <Step title="Get your MagicBell credentials">
    In MagicBell, open your project at [app.magicbell.com](https://app.magicbell.com/) and copy the API key and API secret.
  </Step>

  <Step title="Configure in Courier">
    Open the <AppLink href="https://app.courier.com/integrations/catalog/magicbell">MagicBell Integration</AppLink> in Courier, enter your API key and API secret, then click "Save."
  </Step>
</Steps>

## Profile requirements

Device tokens live on the user profile rather than on the send, so one profile can hold tokens for several devices and every push provider reads them from the same place. <Doc href="/docs/send/push/overview">Send push</Doc> covers the model.

MagicBell addresses the recipient by email address or by external ID. Store either one once with <Endpoint method="POST" path="/profiles/{user_id}" name="Create a Profile" href="/docs/api-reference/user-profiles/create-a-profile" />, which merges into the profile and creates it if it does not exist:

<Tabs>
  <Tab title="Email">
    MagicBell matches the address against the user it holds.

    <CodeGroup>
      ```javascript Node.js highlight={3} theme={null}
      const profile = await client.profiles.create('user_123', {
        profile: {
          email: 'sarah@acme-corp.com',
        },
      });
      ```

      ```python Python highlight={4} theme={null}
      profile = client.profiles.create(
          user_id="user_123",
          profile={
              "email": "sarah@acme-corp.com",
          },
      )
      ```

      ```bash cURL highlight={7} theme={null}
      curl --request POST \
        --url https://api.courier.com/profiles/user_123 \
        --header "Authorization: Bearer $COURIER_API_KEY" \
        --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
        --data '{
          "profile": {
            "email": "sarah@acme-corp.com"
          }
        }'
      ```

      ```ruby Ruby highlight={4} theme={null}
      profile = courier.profiles.create(
        "user_123",
        profile: {
          email: "sarah@acme-corp.com"
        }
      )
      ```

      ```go Go highlight={6} theme={null}
      profile, err := client.Profiles.New(
      	context.TODO(),
      	"user_123",
      	courier.ProfileNewParams{
      		Profile: map[string]any{
      			"email": "sarah@acme-corp.com",
      		},
      	},
      )
      ```

      ```java Java highlight={4} theme={null}
      ProfileCreateParams params = ProfileCreateParams.builder()
          .userId("user_123")
          .profile(ProfileCreateParams.Profile.builder()
              .putAdditionalProperty("email", JsonValue.from("sarah@acme-corp.com"))
              .build())
          .build();
      ProfileCreateResponse profile = client.profiles().create(params);
      ```

      ```php PHP highlight={2} theme={null}
      $profile = $client->profiles->create('user_123', profile: [
        'email' => 'sarah@acme-corp.com',
      ]);
      ```

      ```csharp C# highlight={6} theme={null}
      ProfileCreateParams parameters = new()
      {
          UserID = "user_123",
          Profile = new Dictionary<string, JsonElement>()
          {
              { "email", JsonSerializer.SerializeToElement("sarah@acme-corp.com") },
          },
      };
      var profile = await client.Profiles.Create(parameters);
      ```

      ```bash CLI highlight={4} wrap theme={null}
      courier profiles create \
        --api-key "$COURIER_API_KEY" \
        --user-id user_123 \
        --profile '{"email":"sarah@acme-corp.com"}'
      ```

      ```text MCP theme={null}
      With Courier MCP, save the email sarah@acme-corp.com on user_123.
      ```
    </CodeGroup>
  </Tab>

  <Tab title="External ID">
    The id your own system uses for that person.

    <CodeGroup>
      ```javascript Node.js highlight={3-5} theme={null}
      const profile = await client.profiles.create('user_123', {
        profile: {
          magicbell: {
            external_id: 'user123',
          },
        },
      });
      ```

      ```python Python highlight={4-6} theme={null}
      profile = client.profiles.create(
          user_id="user_123",
          profile={
              "magicbell": {
                  "external_id": "user123",
              },
          },
      )
      ```

      ```bash cURL highlight={7-9} theme={null}
      curl --request POST \
        --url https://api.courier.com/profiles/user_123 \
        --header "Authorization: Bearer $COURIER_API_KEY" \
        --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
        --data '{
          "profile": {
            "magicbell": {
              "external_id": "user123"
            }
          }
        }'
      ```

      ```ruby Ruby highlight={4-6} theme={null}
      profile = courier.profiles.create(
        "user_123",
        profile: {
          magicbell: {
            external_id: "user123"
          }
        }
      )
      ```

      ```go Go highlight={6-8} theme={null}
      profile, err := client.Profiles.New(
      	context.TODO(),
      	"user_123",
      	courier.ProfileNewParams{
      		Profile: map[string]any{
      			"magicbell": map[string]any{
      				"external_id": "user123",
      			},
      		},
      	},
      )
      ```

      ```java Java highlight={4-5} theme={null}
      ProfileCreateParams params = ProfileCreateParams.builder()
          .userId("user_123")
          .profile(ProfileCreateParams.Profile.builder()
              .putAdditionalProperty("magicbell", JsonValue.from(java.util.Map.of(
                  "external_id", "user123")))
              .build())
          .build();
      ProfileCreateResponse profile = client.profiles().create(params);
      ```

      ```php PHP highlight={2-4} theme={null}
      $profile = $client->profiles->create('user_123', profile: [
        'magicbell' => [
          'external_id' => 'user123',
        ],
      ]);
      ```

      ```csharp C# highlight={7-9} theme={null}
      ProfileCreateParams parameters = new()
      {
          UserID = "user_123",
          Profile = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Dictionary<string, JsonElement>>(
              """
              {
                "magicbell": {
                  "external_id": "user123"
                }
              }
              """
          ),
      };
      var profile = await client.Profiles.Create(parameters);
      ```

      ```bash CLI highlight={4} wrap theme={null}
      courier profiles create \
        --api-key "$COURIER_API_KEY" \
        --user-id user_123 \
        --profile '{"magicbell":{"external_id":"user123"}}'
      ```

      ```text MCP theme={null}
      With Courier MCP, save the MagicBell external id user123 on user_123.
      ```
    </CodeGroup>
  </Tab>
</Tabs>

Then send to `user_id` and Courier resolves the address.

For a one-off with no stored profile, pass it inline instead: `"to": { "magicbell": { "external_id": "user123" } }`.

<CardGroup cols={1}>
  <Card title="Send by user id" icon="user" href="/docs/recipients/overview#send-by-user-id">
    The call in every language, and the rest of the profile object.
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

## Send to a recipient

<Tabs>
  <Tab title="Send to user id">
    Courier reads `email` off the saved profile, so preferences apply and the value can change without touching this code.

    <CodeGroup>
      ```javascript Node.js highlight={4} theme={null}
      const { requestId } = await courier.send.message({
        message: {
          to: {
            user_id: "user_123",
          },
          template: "nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40",
        },
      });
      ```

      ```python Python highlight={4} theme={null}
      response = client.send.message(
          message={
              "to": {
                  "user_id": "user_123",
              },
              "template": "nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40",
          },
      )
      ```

      ```bash cURL highlight={7} wrap theme={null}
      curl -X POST https://api.courier.com/send \
        -H "Authorization: Bearer $COURIER_API_KEY" \
        -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
        -d '{
          "message": {
            "to": {
              "user_id": "user_123"
            },
            "template": "nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40"
          }
        }'
      ```

      ```ruby Ruby highlight={4} theme={null}
      response = courier.send_.message(
        message: {
          to: {
            user_id: "user_123"
          },
          template: "nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40"
        }
      )
      ```

      ```go Go highlight={5} theme={null}
      response, err := client.Send.Message(context.TODO(), courier.SendMessageParams{
      	Message: courier.SendMessageParamsMessage{
      		To: courier.SendMessageParamsMessageToUnion{
      			OfUserRecipient: &shared.UserRecipientParam{
      				UserID: courier.String("user_123"),
      			},
      		},
      		Template: courier.String("nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40"),
      	},
      })
      ```

      ```java Java highlight={3} theme={null}
      SendMessageParams params = SendMessageParams.builder()
          .message(SendMessageParams.Message.builder()
              .to(UserRecipient.builder().userId("user_123").build())
              .template("nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40")
              .build())
          .build();
      SendMessageResponse response = client.send().message(params);
      ```

      ```php PHP highlight={4} theme={null}
      $response = $client->send->message(
        message: [
          'to' => [
            'user_id' => 'user_123',
          ],
          'template' => 'nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40',
        ],
      );
      ```

      ```csharp C# highlight={5} theme={null}
      SendMessageParams parameters = new()
      {
          Message = new()
          {
              To = new UserRecipient { UserID = "user_123" },
              Template = "nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40",
          },
      };

      var response = await client.Send.Message(parameters);
      ```

      ```bash CLI highlight={3} wrap theme={null}
      courier send message \
        --api-key "$COURIER_API_KEY" \
        --message.to '{"user_id": "user_123"}' \
        --message.template nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40
      ```

      ```text MCP theme={null}
      With Courier MCP, send my template to user_123 by email.
      ```
    </CodeGroup>
  </Tab>

  <Tab title="Send to an email">
    Pass it inline instead and nothing is stored. Swap this `to` object into the call on the other tab.

    <CodeGroup>
      ```javascript Node.js highlight={4} theme={null}
      const { requestId } = await courier.send.message({
        message: {
          to: {
            email: "sarah@acme-corp.com",
          },
          template: "nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40",
        },
      });
      ```

      ```python Python highlight={4} theme={null}
      response = client.send.message(
          message={
              "to": {
                  "email": "sarah@acme-corp.com",
              },
              "template": "nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40",
          },
      )
      ```

      ```bash cURL highlight={7} wrap theme={null}
      curl -X POST https://api.courier.com/send \
        -H "Authorization: Bearer $COURIER_API_KEY" \
        -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
        -d '{
          "message": {
            "to": {
              "email": "sarah@acme-corp.com"
            },
            "template": "nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40"
          }
        }'
      ```

      ```ruby Ruby highlight={4} theme={null}
      response = courier.send_.message(
        message: {
          to: {
            email: "sarah@acme-corp.com"
          },
          template: "nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40"
        }
      )
      ```

      ```go Go highlight={5} theme={null}
      response, err := client.Send.Message(context.TODO(), courier.SendMessageParams{
      	Message: courier.SendMessageParamsMessage{
      		To: courier.SendMessageParamsMessageToUnion{
      			OfUserRecipient: &shared.UserRecipientParam{
      				Email: courier.String("sarah@acme-corp.com"),
      			},
      		},
      		Template: courier.String("nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40"),
      	},
      })
      ```

      ```java Java highlight={3} theme={null}
      SendMessageParams params = SendMessageParams.builder()
          .message(SendMessageParams.Message.builder()
              .to(UserRecipient.builder().email("sarah@acme-corp.com").build())
              .template("nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40")
              .build())
          .build();
      SendMessageResponse response = client.send().message(params);
      ```

      ```php PHP highlight={4} theme={null}
      $response = $client->send->message(
        message: [
          'to' => [
            'email' => 'sarah@acme-corp.com',
          ],
          'template' => 'nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40',
        ],
      );
      ```

      ```csharp C# highlight={5} theme={null}
      SendMessageParams parameters = new()
      {
          Message = new()
          {
              To = new UserRecipient { Email = "sarah@acme-corp.com" },
              Template = "nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40",
          },
      };

      var response = await client.Send.Message(parameters);
      ```

      ```bash CLI highlight={3} wrap theme={null}
      courier send message \
        --api-key "$COURIER_API_KEY" \
        --message.to '{"email": "sarah@acme-corp.com"}' \
        --message.template nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40
      ```

      ```text MCP theme={null}
      With Courier MCP, send my template to sarah@acme-corp.com by email.
      ```
    </CodeGroup>
  </Tab>
</Tabs>

## Overrides

<Doc href="/docs/send/overrides#how-overrides-work">How overrides work</Doc> covers the two levels and which one wins. <Doc href="/docs/integrations/push/overview#channel-overrides">Push channel overrides</Doc> lists the fields every push provider takes.

Overrides change the request body Courier sends to MagicBell.

This example overrides the MagicBell category and action URL:

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js highlight={9-18} theme={null}
  const { requestId } = await courier.send.message({
    message: {
      template: "nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40",
      to: {
        email: "sarah@acme-corp.com",
      },
      data: {},
      providers: {
        magicbell: {
          override: {
            body: {
              notification: {
                category: "new_message",
                action_url: "https://example.com/example_link",
              },
            },
          },
        },
      },
    },
  });
  ```

  ```python Python highlight={9-18} theme={null}
  response = client.send.message(
      message={
          "template": "nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40",
          "to": {
              "email": "sarah@acme-corp.com",
          },
          "data": {},
          "providers": {
              "magicbell": {
                  "override": {
                      "body": {
                          "notification": {
                              "category": "new_message",
                              "action_url": "https://example.com/example_link",
                          },
                      },
                  },
              },
          },
      },
  )
  ```

  ```bash cURL highlight={12-21} wrap theme={null}
  curl -X POST https://api.courier.com/send \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $COURIER_API_KEY" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d '{
      "message": {
        "template": "nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40",
        "to": {
          "email": "sarah@acme-corp.com"
        },
        "data": {},
        "providers": {
          "magicbell": {
            "override": {
              "body": {
                "notification": {
                  "category": "new_message",
                  "action_url": "https://example.com/example_link"
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }'
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby highlight={9-18} theme={null}
  response = courier.send_.message(
    message: {
      template: "nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40",
      to: {
        email: "sarah@acme-corp.com"
      },
      data: {},
      providers: {
        magicbell: {
          override: {
            body: {
              notification: {
                category: "new_message",
                action_url: "https://example.com/example_link"
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  )
  ```

  ```go Go highlight={10-19} theme={null}
  response, err := client.Send.Message(context.TODO(), courier.SendMessageParams{
  	Message: courier.SendMessageParamsMessage{
  		To: courier.SendMessageParamsMessageToUnion{
  			OfUserRecipient: &shared.UserRecipientParam{
  				Email: courier.String("sarah@acme-corp.com"),
  			},
  		},
  		Template: courier.String("nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40"),
  		Providers: shared.MessageProvidersParam{
  			"magicbell": shared.MessageProvidersTypeParam{
  				Override: map[string]any{
  					"body": map[string]any{
  						"notification": map[string]any{
  							"category": "new_message",
  							"action_url": "https://example.com/example_link",
  						},
  					},
  				},
  			},
  		},
  	},
  })
  ```

  ```java Java highlight={6-13} theme={null}
  SendMessageParams params = SendMessageParams.builder()
      .message(SendMessageParams.Message.builder()
          .to(UserRecipient.builder().email("sarah@acme-corp.com").build())
          .template("nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40")
          .providers(MessageProviders.builder()
              .putAdditionalProperty("magicbell", JsonValue.from(java.util.Map.of("override", java.util.Map.of(
                      "body", java.util.Map.of(
                          "notification", java.util.Map.of(
                              "category", "new_message",
                              "action_url", "https://example.com/example_link"
                          )
                      )
                  ))))
              .build())
          .build())
      .build();
  SendMessageResponse response = client.send().message(params);
  ```

  ```php PHP highlight={9-18} theme={null}
  $response = $client->send->message(
    message: [
      'template' => 'nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40',
      'to' => [
        'email' => 'sarah@acme-corp.com',
      ],
      'data' => [],
      'providers' => [
        'magicbell' => [
          'override' => [
            'body' => [
              'notification' => [
                'category' => 'new_message',
                'action_url' => 'https://example.com/example_link',
              ],
            ],
          ],
        ],
      ],
    ],
  );
  ```

  ```csharp C# highlight={9-26} theme={null}
  SendMessageParams parameters = new()
  {
      Message = new()
      {
          To = new UserRecipient { Email = "sarah@acme-corp.com" },
          Template = "nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40",
          Providers = new Dictionary<string, MessageProvidersType>()
          {
              {
                  "magicbell",
                  new()
                  {
                      Override = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Dictionary<string, JsonElement>>(
                          """
                          {
                            "body": {
                              "notification": {
                                "category": "new_message",
                                "action_url": "https://example.com/example_link"
                              }
                            }
                          }
                          """
                      ),
                  }
              },
          },
      },
  };

  var response = await client.Send.Message(parameters);
  ```

  ```bash CLI highlight={5} wrap theme={null}
  courier send message \
    --api-key "$COURIER_API_KEY" \
    --message.to '{"email": "sarah@acme-corp.com"}' \
    --message.template nt_01kx4h2jdafq8bk9aftxak4b40 \
    --message.providers '{"magicbell": {"override": {"body": {"notification": {"category": "new_message", "action_url": "https://example.com/example_link"}}}}}'
  ```

  ```text MCP theme={null}
  With Courier MCP, send my template to sarah@acme-corp.com with a MagicBell category and action URL.
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## Provider details

```text theme={null}
magicbell
```

Courier recommends routing to the channel. Naming this key in `routing.channels` instead is supported, and sends through just this provider.

<Card title="Send to a specific provider" icon="bullseye-arrow" href="/docs/send/send-to-a-provider" horizontal arrow="true">
  When that is worth doing, and what you give up: failover, channel priority, and providers you add later.
</Card>